Approach to renal biopsy in dogs with acute and chronic kidney disease

Approach to renal biopsy in dogs with acute and chronic kidney disease
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Approach to renal biopsy in dogs with acute and chronic kidney disease

Contenidos

Nephropathology is a unique specialization in anatomic pathology, and a complete set of analyses comprising LM, IF, and TEM should always be considered. When performing a renal biopsy, few criteria should be encountered. first, the biopsy should be considered a procedure to improve therapy, and the biopsy should be done safely. An expert and specialized neuropathologist should evaluate the tissue sample to get the most informative description using all the methods required to characterize the pathological changes. The required methods for renal biopsy evaluation include special staining protocols for light microscopic (IM) evaluation, as well as for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and immunofluorescence evaluations (IF). Generally, two techniques for sampling are considered: 1) Needle core biopsy, 2) Wedge biopsy. Needle biopsies can be obtained by laparoscopy, celiotomy, manual palpation, and ultrasound-guided needle biopsy techniques. The latter is commonly performed and generally with satisfying results. Finally, the world small animal veterinary association-renal standardization study group (WSAVA) has defined a diagnostic algorithm for dogs' glomerular disease classification. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, two common patterns of glomerular injury were identified. These resulted in very stably creating a simplified and accurate guide for veterinary pathologists when evaluating renal biopsies.